When you
begin using a microscope the condenser knob should be all the way up, you
should start with the 4x objective in
place and the rheostat must be raised to ten. To move the slide you use the X Y
controls and the iris should be closed so you don’t blind yourself. Your eyes
should be about ¾ of an inch away from the ocular and you can increase the
light if needed by opening the iris. The highest magnifying objective is called the oil immersion because you use oil to sharpen
up the image. To use oil immersion, make sure that the slide is set between the
40x and 100x objectives. Then place a drop of oil on the part of the slide that
you want to view, adjust the oil immersion over the slide and onto the drop of oil. Once you are finished viewing the slide
with the oil immersion remove slide and wipe clean with a Chem Wipe and put
away. Finally adjust the objective till
the 100x is facing you and wipe clean with a lens paper. When you are
completely done with the microscope make the 4x objective is in place, close the iris, turn the rheostat all the way
to one, and turn off.
When removing or replacing slide the 4x objective must be in place, you will also use the 4x objective while first looking at the slide. You must lower the amount of light by closing the iris when looking at a thin or transparent cell such as onion cells. Two ways that you can decrease the light are closing the iris or adjusting to a more powerful objective. When looking in the microscope the 4x objective allows you to see the largest area of the cell you are viewing. When looking through a microscope and the ocular are 10x magnification and the 10x objective the magnification is 100x; if the ocular is 10x and the objective is 4x the magnification is 40x. When you first look into the microscope the first adjustment you make is to course focus. If you see two overlapping circles then you need to adjust the ocular by moving apart or closer together until just one circle is visible.
The slides that were available to view were bacterial capsule, cheek swab, letter ‘e’ and onion root.
I noticed the following about the cheek swab:
1.) The cheek swab looks like a chain and although it is not as organized as the onion root; it is more organized and structured the bacterial capsule.
2.) The cells are rounded more than the onion root.
3.) The connection of the cells in the cheek swab are less visible than the onion root.
4.) In some of the cells you can see the organelles.
I noticed the following about the onion root:
1.) The cells of the onion root are arranged like a quilt or brick wall and the nucleus of each cell is very visible.
2.) Many of the nuclei are solid black, but some look as though they have holes in them.
3.) The cells of the onion are squared then that of the cheek swab, in addition the connections of the onion cells are more prominent.
4.) There are not many organelles visible around the nucleus of the onion root.
I noticed the following about the Bacterial Capsule:
1.) The nucleus is scattered throughout the membrane of the bacterial capsule as opposed being bound in the middle by a membrane.
2.) The nucleus or DNA mixes with what little organelles there are.
3.) The organelles are difficult to spot because of everything floating is the small space.
4.) Some of the floating objects are different shapes which I am thinking helps identify them.
I noticed the following about the letter “e”
1.) When using the 4x objective the “e” appears upside down.
2.) It is solid black when magnified 40x and 100x.
3.) It is easier to focus the e slide, because of the solid black.
4.) When magnified ink is not a smooth and sharp as it is to the naked eye.
Mitochondria are visible in the bacterial capsule. I arrived at this conclusion because in the textbook it shows the mitochondrion as being oblong and there are a few oblong objects in the slide.
Endoplasmic reticulum is visible in the onion root. There are what appear to be tangled strings in some of the cell membranes; in the text book it shows that to be endoplasmic reticulum.
Golgi apparatus are visible in the cheek swab. I would have thought that they were endoplasmic reticulum but they were located towards the edge of the cells; where the diagram in the textbook shows them.
When removing or replacing slide the 4x objective must be in place, you will also use the 4x objective while first looking at the slide. You must lower the amount of light by closing the iris when looking at a thin or transparent cell such as onion cells. Two ways that you can decrease the light are closing the iris or adjusting to a more powerful objective. When looking in the microscope the 4x objective allows you to see the largest area of the cell you are viewing. When looking through a microscope and the ocular are 10x magnification and the 10x objective the magnification is 100x; if the ocular is 10x and the objective is 4x the magnification is 40x. When you first look into the microscope the first adjustment you make is to course focus. If you see two overlapping circles then you need to adjust the ocular by moving apart or closer together until just one circle is visible.
The slides that were available to view were bacterial capsule, cheek swab, letter ‘e’ and onion root.
I noticed the following about the cheek swab:
1.) The cheek swab looks like a chain and although it is not as organized as the onion root; it is more organized and structured the bacterial capsule.
2.) The cells are rounded more than the onion root.
3.) The connection of the cells in the cheek swab are less visible than the onion root.
4.) In some of the cells you can see the organelles.
I noticed the following about the onion root:
1.) The cells of the onion root are arranged like a quilt or brick wall and the nucleus of each cell is very visible.
2.) Many of the nuclei are solid black, but some look as though they have holes in them.
3.) The cells of the onion are squared then that of the cheek swab, in addition the connections of the onion cells are more prominent.
4.) There are not many organelles visible around the nucleus of the onion root.
I noticed the following about the Bacterial Capsule:
1.) The nucleus is scattered throughout the membrane of the bacterial capsule as opposed being bound in the middle by a membrane.
2.) The nucleus or DNA mixes with what little organelles there are.
3.) The organelles are difficult to spot because of everything floating is the small space.
4.) Some of the floating objects are different shapes which I am thinking helps identify them.
I noticed the following about the letter “e”
1.) When using the 4x objective the “e” appears upside down.
2.) It is solid black when magnified 40x and 100x.
3.) It is easier to focus the e slide, because of the solid black.
4.) When magnified ink is not a smooth and sharp as it is to the naked eye.
Mitochondria are visible in the bacterial capsule. I arrived at this conclusion because in the textbook it shows the mitochondrion as being oblong and there are a few oblong objects in the slide.
Endoplasmic reticulum is visible in the onion root. There are what appear to be tangled strings in some of the cell membranes; in the text book it shows that to be endoplasmic reticulum.
Golgi apparatus are visible in the cheek swab. I would have thought that they were endoplasmic reticulum but they were located towards the edge of the cells; where the diagram in the textbook shows them.
Onion Root Slide at 100x
This looks great. Your detail on the cheek cell and onion root are fabulous. Thanks for a nice lab report.
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